High winds and heavy rainfall

High winds

• Risk of physical injury from falling debris (branches, roof materials and signage) and collapsing tents and makeshift shelters. People sleeping rough in exposed locations (doorways, under scaffolding, in parks) are at serious risk during high winds.
• Hypothermia, as wind dramatically accelerates heat loss by stripping warmth from the body, especially when combined with rain, damp clothing, or exhaustion.
• Respiratory illness from exposure to cold air, dust and pollution which can trigger asthma attacks, worsen COPD, and increase coughing, breathlessness, and chest pain.
• Sleep deprivation and physical exhaustion from noise, fear, instability of shelters, and the need to relocate to avoid danger. Lack of sleep reduces immune function, impacts mental health, and increases vulnerability to illness and injury.
• Worsened mental health from anxiety and fear, the constant need to stay alert for danger, combined with exposure and uncertainty, can exacerbate existing mental health conditions, and heighten trauma responses.

Heavy rainfall

• Hypothermia, even in mild temperatures. Wet clothing and bedding reduces body temperature, and wind, combined with rain, accelerates heat loss.
• Respiratory illness, including chest infections, pneumonia, and the worsening of existing respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD.
• Skin conditions and wound complications, including fungal infections, rashes, and infected cuts or ulcers. Heavy rain increases risk of serious infection and delayed healing for people with existing wounds, diabetes, or poor circulation.
• Worsening of long-term conditions, such as arthritis, cardiovascular conditions, fatigue, and mobility issues.
• Increased risk of injury and harm from flooded or unstable ground (slips, falls, and accidents) and exposure to contaminated water, sewage overflow, and debris.
• Worsened mental health from stress, anxiety, loss of belongings, lack of sleep due to flooding or constant movement, and fear of worsening conditions.